FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2 (WEEK 5): GPS Interfacing

Objectives:

1) To construct circuit of GPS interfacing and display on the LCD.

2) To build a program using C++ language 

Method:

1) using Proteus 7 Professional software to construct circuit

2) using KeilVision4 to write the program

The program has been written and compiled. The HEX file is loaded to the circuit. The simulation is running to demonstrate the system operation. Below is the circuit which had been running the program:

GPS is used to locate the accident happens in this project. It depicts the use of GPS module/receiver to find latitude and longitude of its location. The data obtained from GPS receiver (GPGGA sentence) had been processed by the microcontroller to extract the latitude and longitude values. The serial data is taken from the GPS module through MAX232 into the SBUF register of 8051 controller which refers to serial interfacing.  By using the Serial Interrupt of the controller, the serial data from the GPS receiver is taken. The data consists of a sequence of NMEA sentences from which GPGGA sentence is identified and processed. The first six bytes of the data received are compared with the pre-stored ($GPGGA) string and if it is matched, the only data is further accounted for besides the process is repeated again otherwise. From the comma delimited GPGGA sentence, latitude and longitude positions are extracted by finding the respective comma positions and extracting the data.

Conclusion: 

This week I learn how to do the program for GPS interfacing which linked with the LCD display. I learned that the program need to start by declared the input pins that had been used in the circuit. The GPS module continuously transmits serial data by using RS232 protocol in the form of sentences according to NMEA standards. The latitude and longitude values of the location are contained in the GPGGA sentence by referred NMEA format. In this program, these values are extracted from the GPGGA sentence and are displayed on LCD.

FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2 (WEEK 4): Vibration Sensor Testing

Objectives:

1) To construct circuit of vibration sensor.

2) To test the functional of vibration sensor.

Method:

1) The circuit that had been constructed based on Cytron website.

Conclusion: It can be seen that the vibration sensor is function when gives an impact to it. The LED on when the vibration sensor is vibrate. The vibration does not have any polarity so it easy to get use of it. 

FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2 (WEEK 3): Temperature Sensor Programming

Objectives:

1) To construct circuit of temperature sensor and display the value on the LCD.

2) To build a program using C++ language 

Method:

1) using Proteus 7 Professional software to construct circuit

2) using KeilVision4 to write the program

The program has been written and compiled. The HEX file is loaded to the circuit. The simulation is running to demonstrate the system operation. Below is the circuit which had been running the program:

When the temperature is at high, the temperature value is increase and vice versa. The program need to be adjusted as I just tried by myself to do this program besides refer to notes and websites. 

Conclusion: 

This week I learn how to do the program for temperature sensor which linked with the LCD display. I learned that the program need to start by declared the input pins that had been used in the circuit. To display the value on the LCD display, we need to do HEX value to ASCII code conversion and then do the conversion of the DEC to ASCII.

FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2 (WEEK 2): LCD Display Programming

Objectives:

1) To construct circuit of  LCD display.

2) To build a program using C++ language 

Method:

1) using Proteus 7 Professional software to construct circuit

2) using KeilVision4 to write the program

The program has been written and compiled. The HEX file is loaded to the circuit. The simulation is running to demonstrate the system operation. Below is the circuit which had been running the program:

Conclusion: 

This week I learn how to do the program for  LCD display. I learned that the program need to start by declared the input pins that had been used in the circuit. To display the word or character on the LCD display, we need to know the position of the character based on the LCD command codes table. The LCD pins also plays an important because if it not connects well to the microcontroller, it will not display the word on the LCD.

FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2 (WEEK 1): Hardware Materials and Budget

 For this semester, the hardware material of this project need to buy to implement this project. Firstly, we need to find the hardware materials and compare the prices to buy it. The project materials are:

• Microntroller AT89S52
• Vibration sensor
• Alcohol sensor
• Pressure sensor
• Temperature sensor
• LCD Display
• GSM Module
• GPS Module
• ADC 0809
• RF Module
• Helmet

The budget for this hardware material is at around RM500. So, these are the budget of each components that had been searched below:

No.	Item	Price (RM)
1	Microcontroller AT89S52	10
2	Vibration Sensor	20
3	Alcohol Sensor	22
4	Pressure Sensor	90
5	Temperature Sensor	4
6	LCD Display	12
7	GSM	65
8	GPS	120
9	ADC 0809	17
10	RF MODULE	46
TOTAL		406

   As for me, I hope the project budget is not overlapped and I hope all these should be enough to implement my project. I will be continue to do this blog as it is my log book which can be as my reference when doing this project. 

FINAL YEAR PROJECT 1 (WEEK 13): Presentation Day and Proposal Report

Objective:
1) Preparation of Presentation Day
2) Preparation of Proposal Report

Method:
1) By making research in the internet

This week I will show about my proposal presentation and proposal report that will need to be assessed. 

The motorcycle do not start if the rider violated the rules when wearing the helmet

The work plan for Final Year Project 1 

The work plan for Final Year Project 2

References for research articles

The work plan is put in the proposal so that I can plan my work for this semester and the next semester. The improvise section shows that I need to do more researches about my project so that I can analyzed the outcome of this project.  I hope I can manage to design this project. 

FINAL YEAR PROJECT 1 (WEEK 12): LCD Display

Objectives:

1) To study about LCD display

2) To know the application of LCD display

Method:

1) By making research in the internet

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images with low information content which can be displayed or hidden such as preset words, digits and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. they use the same basic technology except that arbitrary images are mafe up of a larger number of small pixels while other displays have larger elements.

There are important factors to consider when evaluating an LCD:

• Resolution vs. Range: Fundamentally resolution is the granularity with which a performance feature of the display divided. Resolution is often confused with range or the total end-to-end output of the display. Each of the major features of a display has both a resolution and a range that are tied to each other but very different. Frequently the range is an inherent limitation of the display while the resolution is a function of the electronics that make the display work.
• Spatial performance: LCDs come in only one size for a variety of applications and a variety of resolutions within each of those applications. LCD spatial performance is also sometimes described in terms of the diagonal distance from one corner to its opposite. The spatial resolution of an LCD is expressed by the number of columns and rows of pixels. 
• Temporal/timing performance: As compared to spatial performance, temporal performance is a feature where smaller is better. The range is the pixel response time of an LCD or how quickly a sub-pixel's brightness changes from one level to another. REfresh rate or the temporal resolution of an LCD is the number of times per second in which the display draws the data is being given. Since activated LCD pixels do not flash on/off between frames. 
• Color performance: Color performance include color gamut which is the range of colors that can be displayed and color depth which is the color resolution or the resolution or fineness with which the color range is divided. 

LCD display applications:

• Computer monitors
• Televisions
• Instrument panels
• Aircraft cockpit displays
• Signage
• DVD players
• Clocks
• Watches
• Calculators
• Telephones
• Gaming devices

For this project, the LCD display that will used is 16x2 LCD display. This LCD display is much more informative output device than a single LED. The LCD is a display that can easily show characters on its screen. They have a couple of lines to large displays. Some LCDs are specifically designed for specific applications to display graphic images. These modules are replacing 7-segments and other multi-segment LEDs. LCD can be easily interfaced with microcontroller to display a message or status of the device. It can be operated in two modes: 4-bit mode and 8-bit mode. This LCD has two registers namely command register and data register. It is having three selection lines and 8 data lines. By connecting the three selection lines and data lines with the microcontroller, the messages can be displayed on LCD.

LCD display

LCD instructions set for controlling the LCD display using microcontrollers

PIN description

Interfacing 16x2 LCD display with 8051 microcontroller

In the above figure, 3 selected lines EN, R/W, RS will be used for controlling the LCD display. EN pin will be used for enabling the LCD display for communicating with microcontroller, RS with be used for register selection. When RS is set microcontroller will send instructions as data when RS is clear microcontroller will send the instructions as commands. For writing data RW should be 0 and for reading RW should be 1.

Conclusion:

This week I am going to learned about the LCD display as it is the one of the component which is used in my project. The type of LCD display and the application of of it need to take note so that it is suitable to use in this project. This project will used the 16x2 LCD display. The LCD display is used to display the location of the accident, the information whether the rider is drunken or not and display the motorcycle will start or not if the rider does not violated the rules when he or she wearing the helmet.  This will help the rider to get a help in a very short time. Hence, lives can be save.